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Abstract: Nowadays we use novel diagnostic equipment for lung cancer. Bronchoscopy was

the tip of the arrow for diagnosis, however; ultrasound systems have brought a revolution. We
have the radial-endobronchial ultrasound for peripheral lesions and the convex probe
endobronchial ultrasound for central lesions. Ultrasound endoscopic systems can be used for

the diagnosis of any lesion that can be approached from the airways. In the current manuscript

we will present two methods for the biopsy of thyroid gland. The first method is using
anesthisiological tools and the second tools from the ear, nose and throat department.

42. Grapatsas K, Tsilogianni Z, Leivaditis V, Kotoulas S, Kotoulas C, Koletsis E, Iliadis IS, Dahm M,
Trakada G, Veletza L, Kallianos A, Huang H, Kosmidis C, Karanikas M, Thomaidis V, Porpodis K,

Zarogoulidis P. Hamman’s syndrome (spontaneous pneumodiastinum presenting as

subcutaneous emphysema): A rare case of the emergency demartment and review of the
literature. Respir Med Case Rep. 2017 Dec 11;23:63-65. doi: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2017.12.004.
eCollection 2018. PMID: 29276676 [PubMed] [Scopus]

Abstract: Pneumomediastinum is a rare clinical entity that concerns the clinicians in the

emergency department. We present a case of a patient with spontaneous pneumomediastinum
(Hamman's syndrome) that presented to our hospital's emergency department with cervical

subcutaneous emphysema. A conservative treatment with observation was performed. The
patient after 24 hours of observation was discharged with a suggested follow-up.

43. Sapalidis K, Zarogoulidis P, Huang H, Bai C, Wen Y, Wang L, Boniou K, Karapantzos I,

Karapantzou C, Karanikas M, Thomaidis V, Kosmidis C, Sardeli C, Benhassen N, Man YG,
Florou MC, Mantalovas S, Laskou S, Giannakidis D, Koulouris C, Amaniti A, Kesisoglou I,

Hohenforst-Schmidt W. Inhaled Immunotherapy Administration for Lung Cancer; Efficient?
Certainly Possible. J Cancer. 2018 Mar 2;9(6):1121-1126. doi: 10.7150/jca.24397. eCollection

2018. PMID: 29581792 [PubMed] [Scopus]

Abstract: Lung cancer is still diagnosed at a late stage in most lung cancer patients. Regarding
Non-small Cell lung cancer there are novel therapies such as; tyrosine kinase inhibitors and

immunotherapy. Currently we have two immunotherapies that can be used either as first-line
treatment or second line treatment; pembrolizumab and nivolumab. A third one is being

investigated as a combination of immunotherapy; ipilimumab. Aerosol treatment has been
investigated for many diseases not only for the lung, but also for systematic diseases. The

design of cups was found the most significant factor in producing significant effects. The
comparison of cups reveals the design J as the most capable of reducing the droplets at a

minimum size of mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) MMAD=1.99. Drug effect

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