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neurosciences, which have been viewed as looking forward to the 20 century rather than
th
awkward missteps at the end of the 19 .
th

Methods: Several rare photographs along with many non-English, more than a century old
articles have been meticulously selected to enrich this historical journey in time.

Results: It was after Gradenigo that the well-known syndrome consisting of diplopia and facial
pain due to a middle ear infection was named. However, Gradenigo was much more than a

syndrome. Surprisingly, despite the fact that he is considered a pioneer of the Italian Otology
th
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of the late 19 and early 20 century, little is written of his life and his notable achievements
in the English literature.

Conclusions: Even though his name lives on nowadays only in the eponym "Gradenigo's
syndrome" his accomplishments are much wider and cast him among the emblematic figures

of science. His inherent tendency for discovering the underlying mechanisms of diseases and
his vision of guaranteeing quality of services, professional proficiency, respect, and dedication

toward the patients is in fact what constitutes his true legacy to the next generations.

22. Karanikas M, Machairiotis N, Zarogoulidis P, Stylianaki A, Courcoutsakis N, Mitrakas A,
Touzopoulos P, Lyratzopoulos N, Kouklakis G, Spanoudakis M, Polychronidis A. Non-Hodgkin

lymphoma and GIST: molecular pathways and clinical expressions. Onco Targets Ther.
2012;5:433-8. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S38645. Epub 2012 Dec 12. PMID: 23251094 [PubMed]

[Scopus]

Abstract: We report the case of a 64-year-old woman with a gastrointestinal stromal tumor
and a diffuse large cell lymphoma. For this case, we conducted a literature review in an

attempt to correlate these two neoplasms on a molecular basis. Diffuse large cell lymphoma is
a subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The etiologic factor of these lymphomas is considered

to be the mutations or allelic losses of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene and the
overexpression of the bcl-2 oncogene. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are mesenchymal

tumors, which are typically defined by the expression of c-KIT (CD117) and CD34 genes in the
tumor cells. Although there are references to dispersants in the literature about patients with

both non-Hodgkin lymphoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumors, there is no common
molecular pathway between these two diseases. In conclusion, there is no indication that
these two neoplasms are relevant on a molecular basis.

23. Michael Karanikas, Panagiotis Touzopoulos, Paul Zarogoulidis, Alexandros Mitrakas, Nikolaos
Courcoutsakis, Nikolaos Liratzopoulos, George Kouklakis, Alexandros Polychronidis.

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